Mand more recognition than discrimination ability. A wider range of emotions included in a stimulus set therefore not only aids ecological validity, also the results’ validity. However, since the ADFES videos only display high intensities of emotional SP600125 structure expressions at their endpoint, the current research aimed to create and validate an expanded standard video stimulus set that includes both high QVD-OPHMedChemExpress Quinoline-Val-Asp-Difluorophenoxymethylketone Intensity and more subtle expressions on the basis of the Northern European and face forward videos from the ADFES; the Amsterdam Dynamic Facial Expression Set–Bath Intensity Variations (ADFES-BIV).PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0147112 January 19,4 /Validation of the ADFES-BIVThe videos were edited to display three levels of intensity of facial emotional expression: low, intermediate, and high. The general aim of the current study was to test the validity of the ADFES-BIV, with results showing this new video set has good validity in order to be a useful tool in emotion research. qhw.v5i4.5120 It was aimed to validate these intensity levels as distinct categories on the basis of their accuracies by replicating the pattern from static images, i.e. low intensity expressions would have lower accuracy rates than the intermediate intensity expressions, which themselves would have lower accuracy rates than the high intensity expressions. Furthermore, it was expected that the intensity levels would differ on response latencies with the same pattern of effect as the accuracy rates with fastest responses to high intensity expressions, as they portray the emotions most clearly. It was further aimed to test the ADFES-BIV’s emotion categories and the emotions at each intensity level for validity on the basis of raw hit rates as well as unbiased hit rates (Hu; [59]). It was expected that all categories would have recognition rates significantly above chance level on raw and unbiased hit rates. It was expected that the recognition rates would vary between emotions and the influence of expression intensity was investigated. That is, are emotions that are easy to recognise at high intensity (i.e. surprise, happiness) also easy to recognise wcs.1183 at low intensity with accuracies comparable to the accuracies at high intensity? It was further expected that the emotions with highest recognition would also be the emotions with fastest responses and the emotions with lowest recognition the ones with purchase SCH 530348 slowest responses.Study 1 MethodParticipants. The sample consisted of 92 adult participants (41 male, 51 female) recruited from the University of Bath community. Participants were aged between 18 and 45 (M = 23.25, SD = 5.65) and all had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. Participants were enrolled as Undergraduate students (n = 54), Masters students (n = 8), PhD students (n = 22), and staff at the University (n = 8). Undergraduate participants from the Department of Psychology at the University of Bath gained course credit for participation, while all other participants were compensated with ? for participation. None of the participants reported a clinical diagnosis of a mental disorder. The data on sex differences based on the ADFES-BIV will be reported elsewhere. Stimuli development. Permission to adapt the videos was obtained from one of the authors of the ADFES (Fischer A. Personal communication. 19 April 2013). The 10 expressions included in the present research were anger, contempt, disgust, embarrassment, fear, Quinoline-Val-Asp-Difluorophenoxymethylketone dose happiness, neutral, pride, sadness, and surprise. Each of the emot.Mand more recognition than discrimination ability. A wider range of emotions included in a stimulus set therefore not only aids ecological validity, also the results’ validity. However, since the ADFES videos only display high intensities of emotional expressions at their endpoint, the current research aimed to create and validate an expanded standard video stimulus set that includes both high intensity and more subtle expressions on the basis of the Northern European and face forward videos from the ADFES; the Amsterdam Dynamic Facial Expression Set–Bath Intensity Variations (ADFES-BIV).PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0147112 January 19,4 /Validation of the ADFES-BIVThe videos were edited to display three levels of intensity of facial emotional expression: low, intermediate, and high. The general aim of the current study was to test the validity of the ADFES-BIV, with results showing this new video set has good validity in order to be a useful tool in emotion research. qhw.v5i4.5120 It was aimed to validate these intensity levels as distinct categories on the basis of their accuracies by replicating the pattern from static images, i.e. low intensity expressions would have lower accuracy rates than the intermediate intensity expressions, which themselves would have lower accuracy rates than the high intensity expressions. Furthermore, it was expected that the intensity levels would differ on response latencies with the same pattern of effect as the accuracy rates with fastest responses to high intensity expressions, as they portray the emotions most clearly. It was further aimed to test the ADFES-BIV’s emotion categories and the emotions at each intensity level for validity on the basis of raw hit rates as well as unbiased hit rates (Hu; [59]). It was expected that all categories would have recognition rates significantly above chance level on raw and unbiased hit rates. It was expected that the recognition rates would vary between emotions and the influence of expression intensity was investigated. That is, are emotions that are easy to recognise at high intensity (i.e. surprise, happiness) also easy to recognise wcs.1183 at low intensity with accuracies comparable to the accuracies at high intensity? It was further expected that the emotions with highest recognition would also be the emotions with fastest responses and the emotions with lowest recognition the ones with slowest responses.Study 1 MethodParticipants. The sample consisted of 92 adult participants (41 male, 51 female) recruited from the University of Bath community. Participants were aged between 18 and 45 (M = 23.25, SD = 5.65) and all had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. Participants were enrolled as Undergraduate students (n = 54), Masters students (n = 8), PhD students (n = 22), and staff at the University (n = 8). Undergraduate participants from the Department of Psychology at the University of Bath gained course credit for participation, while all other participants were compensated with ? for participation. None of the participants reported a clinical diagnosis of a mental disorder. The data on sex differences based on the ADFES-BIV will be reported elsewhere. Stimuli development. Permission to adapt the videos was obtained from one of the authors of the ADFES (Fischer A. Personal communication. 19 April 2013). The 10 expressions included in the present research were anger, contempt, disgust, embarrassment, fear, happiness, neutral, pride, sadness, and surprise. Each of the emot.Mand more recognition than discrimination ability. A wider range of emotions included in a stimulus set therefore not only aids ecological validity, also the results’ validity. However, since the ADFES videos only display high intensities of emotional expressions at their endpoint, the current research aimed to create and validate an expanded standard video stimulus set that includes both high intensity and more subtle expressions on the basis of the Northern European and face forward videos from the ADFES; the Amsterdam Dynamic Facial Expression Set–Bath Intensity Variations (ADFES-BIV).PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0147112 January 19,4 /Validation of the ADFES-BIVThe videos were edited to display three levels of intensity of facial emotional expression: low, intermediate, and high. The general aim of the current study was to test the validity of the ADFES-BIV, with results showing this new video set has good validity in order to be a useful tool in emotion research. qhw.v5i4.5120 It was aimed to validate these intensity levels as distinct categories on the basis of their accuracies by replicating the pattern from static images, i.e. low intensity expressions would have lower accuracy rates than the intermediate intensity expressions, which themselves would have lower accuracy rates than the high intensity expressions. Furthermore, it was expected that the intensity levels would differ on response latencies with the same pattern of effect as the accuracy rates with fastest responses to high intensity expressions, as they portray the emotions most clearly. It was further aimed to test the ADFES-BIV’s emotion categories and the emotions at each intensity level for validity on the basis of raw hit rates as well as unbiased hit rates (Hu; [59]). It was expected that all categories would have recognition rates significantly above chance level on raw and unbiased hit rates. It was expected that the recognition rates would vary between emotions and the influence of expression intensity was investigated. That is, are emotions that are easy to recognise at high intensity (i.e. surprise, happiness) also easy to recognise wcs.1183 at low intensity with accuracies comparable to the accuracies at high intensity? It was further expected that the emotions with highest recognition would also be the emotions with fastest responses and the emotions with lowest recognition the ones with slowest responses.Study 1 MethodParticipants. The sample consisted of 92 adult participants (41 male, 51 female) recruited from the University of Bath community. Participants were aged between 18 and 45 (M = 23.25, SD = 5.65) and all had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. Participants were enrolled as Undergraduate students (n = 54), Masters students (n = 8), PhD students (n = 22), and staff at the University (n = 8). Undergraduate participants from the Department of Psychology at the University of Bath gained course credit for participation, while all other participants were compensated with ? for participation. None of the participants reported a clinical diagnosis of a mental disorder. The data on sex differences based on the ADFES-BIV will be reported elsewhere. Stimuli development. Permission to adapt the videos was obtained from one of the authors of the ADFES (Fischer A. Personal communication. 19 April 2013). The 10 expressions included in the present research were anger, contempt, disgust, embarrassment, fear, happiness, neutral, pride, sadness, and surprise. Each of the emot.Mand more recognition than discrimination ability. A wider range of emotions included in a stimulus set therefore not only aids ecological validity, also the results’ validity. However, since the ADFES videos only display high intensities of emotional expressions at their endpoint, the current research aimed to create and validate an expanded standard video stimulus set that includes both high intensity and more subtle expressions on the basis of the Northern European and face forward videos from the ADFES; the Amsterdam Dynamic Facial Expression Set–Bath Intensity Variations (ADFES-BIV).PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0147112 January 19,4 /Validation of the ADFES-BIVThe videos were edited to display three levels of intensity of facial emotional expression: low, intermediate, and high. The general aim of the current study was to test the validity of the ADFES-BIV, with results showing this new video set has good validity in order to be a useful tool in emotion research. qhw.v5i4.5120 It was aimed to validate these intensity levels as distinct categories on the basis of their accuracies by replicating the pattern from static images, i.e. low intensity expressions would have lower accuracy rates than the intermediate intensity expressions, which themselves would have lower accuracy rates than the high intensity expressions. Furthermore, it was expected that the intensity levels would differ on response latencies with the same pattern of effect as the accuracy rates with fastest responses to high intensity expressions, as they portray the emotions most clearly. It was further aimed to test the ADFES-BIV’s emotion categories and the emotions at each intensity level for validity on the basis of raw hit rates as well as unbiased hit rates (Hu; [59]). It was expected that all categories would have recognition rates significantly above chance level on raw and unbiased hit rates. It was expected that the recognition rates would vary between emotions and the influence of expression intensity was investigated. That is, are emotions that are easy to recognise at high intensity (i.e. surprise, happiness) also easy to recognise wcs.1183 at low intensity with accuracies comparable to the accuracies at high intensity? It was further expected that the emotions with highest recognition would also be the emotions with fastest responses and the emotions with lowest recognition the ones with slowest responses.Study 1 MethodParticipants. The sample consisted of 92 adult participants (41 male, 51 female) recruited from the University of Bath community. Participants were aged between 18 and 45 (M = 23.25, SD = 5.65) and all had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. Participants were enrolled as Undergraduate students (n = 54), Masters students (n = 8), PhD students (n = 22), and staff at the University (n = 8). Undergraduate participants from the Department of Psychology at the University of Bath gained course credit for participation, while all other participants were compensated with ? for participation. None of the participants reported a clinical diagnosis of a mental disorder. The data on sex differences based on the ADFES-BIV will be reported elsewhere. Stimuli development. Permission to adapt the videos was obtained from one of the authors of the ADFES (Fischer A. Personal communication. 19 April 2013). The 10 expressions included in the present research were anger, contempt, disgust, embarrassment, fear, happiness, neutral, pride, sadness, and surprise. Each of the emot.
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