Overexpression of PGIS in the RINm5F -cell line improved cell viability following cytokine treatment

me-scale databases. We are confident that SurfaceomeDB will be a helpful resource to the community. PPI network for genes differentially expressed in breast tumor cell lines. All 118 genes upregulated in the breast tumor cell lines were integrated into a PPI network scaffold. Somatic mutations found in breast tumors are integrated into the same network of 118 genes upregulated in the breast tumor. We observe that five out of the six hubs described above are mutated in breast cancer.There have been significant improvements in the treatment of allergic diseases over the past 2030 years. Non-sedating antihistamines have proven to be of great benefit to patients with mild seasonal allergic rhinitis and topical corticosteroids are effective in reducing inflammation and disease severity in the majority of patients with a dramatically improved safety profile compared to systemic steroids. Despite these advances, the incidence of allergy is increasing dramatically and important features of both allergic rhinitis and asthma are resistant to current therapy. In more severe persistent allergic rhinitis antihistamines PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19805126 are less effective, particularly on nasal congestion and around 5% of asthmatics remain poorly controlled by inhaled steroids. There is therefore a clear need for more effective treatments for allergic disease, particularly if they can be administered safely by the oral route. The challenge, therefore, is to identify therapeutic approaches that target processes fundamentally important in driving allergic inflammation but with sufficient specificity to have an acceptable side effect profile. Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, most notably montelukast, are the most recently introduced drugs to treat asthma and these drugs specifically block the action of cysteinyl leukotrienes on the CysLT1 receptor expressed by bronchial smooth muscle and leukocytes without inhibiting the effects of leukotrienes mediated by CysLT2. Since CysLT1 has a limited expression profile and leukotrienes active on CysLT1 are produced predominantly by mast cells and eosinophils, this approach is highly specific and consequently, CysLT1 antagonists have proven to have an acceptable side-effect profile. However, this specificity of action comes at a cost–while CysLT1 antagonists are effective in inhibiting the bronchoconstrictor element of asthma their anti-inflammatory activity and consequently, clinical efficacy, is modest compared to inhaled corticosteroids. The search therefore continues to identify specific approaches that have improved efficacy and are safe enough for systemic use. Recent evidence suggests that selective blockade of the action of prostaglandin D2 may provide such an opportunity. Production of PGD2, like that of cysteinyl leukotrienes, is restricted to cells involved in the allergic response and appears to be Correspondence: Dr R Pettipher, Oxagen Ltd, 91 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RY, UK.The inflammatory effects of PGD2 are mediated by high-affinity interaction with D buy BKM 120 prostanoid receptor 1 and chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cell cells. The purpose of this review is to summarize the emerging evidence that DP1 and CRTH2 contribute to allergic inflammation and to highlight the potential therapeutic utility of antagonizing these receptors. Production of PGD2 in allergic inflammation Prostaglandin D2 is the major prostanoid produced by mast cells and PGD2 and its metabolites have been prop