Forms of carbon materials have been observed: (1) (two)Catalysts 2021, 11, x FOR PEER Evaluation(3)

Forms of carbon materials have been observed: (1) (two)Catalysts 2021, 11, x FOR PEER Evaluation(3) (four) (5)Some CNTs had Ni NPs on their tip as shown in Figure 9B,C; and they grew following a tip-growth mode; Some CNTs had been formed through a base-growth mode Ethaselen Biological Activity exactly where Ni particles anchored 10 of 17 into the catalyst support and CNTs grew based on the surface of Ni NPs, Figure 9D; C, as shown in Some bamboo-like CNTs have been formed at higher temperature, i.e., 800 Figure 10A,B; Some metal-encapsulated carbon composites were observed at greater tempera4) Some metal-encapsulated carbon composites were observedat greater temperature, forming forming onion-like carbon nanomaterials as shown in Figure 10C,D; ture, onion-like carbon nanomaterials as shown in Figure 10C,D; It was observed some massive size Ni Ni NPs have many crystal faces exactly where CNTs 5) It was observed some large size NPs have many crystal faces exactly where CNTs grew towards towards unique orientations (Figure 10D). grew various orientations (Figure 10D).Figure 9. TEM micrographs of Ni/CMP-Sialic acid sodium salt Purity SBA-15 catalysts. 15wt Ni/SBA-15 just after right after ten min of reaction Figure 9. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. (A)(A) 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 10 min of reaction at 600 ; (B) 15wt Ni/SBA-15 right after 120 min of reaction at 600 ; (C) 15wt Ni/SBA-15 immediately after 440 min at 600 C; (B) 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 just after 120 min of reaction at 600 C; (C) 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 immediately after of reaction at 600 . Several CNTs with a base-growth mode were formed: (D) CNTs with a base 440 min mode on 15wt Ni/SBA-15 right after 440with ofbase-growth mode were formed: (D) CNTs using a growth of reaction at 600 C. Quite a few CNTs min a reaction at 600 . base-growth mode on 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 following 440 min of reaction at 600 C.The CNTs formation and development modes might be correlated using the interaction strength in between the Ni NPs and the SBA-15 assistance. The H2-TPR profiles of Ni/SBA-15 shown in Figure 4 confirmed that there have been two types of Ni particles on the SBA-15 support: a single weakly interacting with SBA-15, as evidenced by the low reduction temperature peak at 20080 ; and yet another strong interacting with SBA-15, indicated by the TPR peak at high temperature area in between 400 and 700 . When carbon atoms had been released from the CH4 decomposition around the surface in the Ni NPs strongly anchored in to the SBA-15, carbon nanotubes were constructed on the Ni surface by means of the base-growthCatalysts 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW11 ofCatalysts 2021, 11,adhere to the tip-growth mode. These results are similar to these observed for Ni/Ce-MCM10 41 catalysts reported by Guevara et al. [21] and also the coprecipitated Ni l and Ni u lof 15 catalysts reported by Shaikhutdinov et al. [34], where both, the tip-growth as well as the basegrowth modes of CNTs are proposed.Figure ten. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. (A,B) CNTs with bamboo-like shape Figure ten. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. (A) and (B) CNTs with bamboo-like shape on on 15wt Ni/SBA-15 right after 120 min of reaction at 800 . (C) Onion-like carbons formation on 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 just after 120 min of reaction at 800 C. (C) Onion-like carbons formation on 10wt Ni/SBA-15 just after 120 min of reaction at 800 . (D) CNTs grew toward distinctive orientations 10 wt Ni/SBA-15 after 120 min of reaction atat 800 C. (D) CNTs grew toward distinct orientaon 25wt Ni/SBA-15 just after 120 min of reaction 600 . tions on 25 wt Ni/SBA-15 just after 120 min of reaction at 600 C.Therefore, it’s possible to handle the CNTs growth modes by modifying the interacThe CNTs formation SB.