Satoshi Suga two , Edric John Cruz Nacpil three , Bo Yang 1, 1and Kimihiko

Satoshi Suga two , Edric John Cruz Nacpil three , Bo Yang 1, 1and Kimihiko NakanoInstitute
Satoshi Suga two , Edric John Cruz Nacpil three , Bo Yang 1, 1and Kimihiko NakanoInstitute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; [email protected] Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany; [email protected] Corpy Co., Inc., Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected] (Z.W.); [email protected] (B.Y.)Citation: Wang, Z.; Suga, S.; Nacpil, E.J.C.; Yang, B.; Nakano, K. Effect of Fixed and sEMG-Based Adaptive Shared Steering Control on Distracted Driver Behavior. Sensors 2021, 21, 7691. https://doi.org/10.3390/ s21227691 Academic Editor: Ernest N. Kamavuako Received: 11 October 2021 Accepted: 17 November 2021 Published: 19 NovemberAbstract: Driver distraction is usually a well-known lead to for targeted traffic Safranin supplier collisions worldwide. Studies have indicated that shared steering manage, which actively supplies haptic guidance torque around the steering wheel, correctly improves the efficiency of distracted drivers. Not too long ago, adaptive shared steering control based around the forearm muscle activity of your driver has been developed, despite the fact that its effect on distracted driver behavior remains unclear. To this finish, a high-fidelity driving simulator experiment was conducted involving 18 participants performing double lane modify tasks. The experimental conditions comprised two driver states: attentive and distracted. Below every single situation, evaluations were performed on 3 types of haptic guidance: none (manual), fixed authority, and adaptive authority primarily based on feedback from the forearm surface electromyography of the driver. Evaluation results indicated that, for both attentive and distracted drivers, haptic guidance with adaptive authority yielded reduced driver workload and lowered lane departure risk than UCB-5307 Biological Activity manual driving and fixed authority. Moreover, there was a tendency for distracted drivers to decrease grip strength around the steering wheel to stick to the haptic guidance with fixed authority, resulting in a fairly shorter double lane transform duration. Keyword phrases: driver utomation shared control; haptic guidance steering; adaptive automation style; surface electromyography; driver distraction1. Introduction Steering a vehicle necessitates continuous real-time visual information and facts in the road ahead. Distractions that inhibit protected and timely driver responses to this facts are detrimental to driving security; hence, technologies made to monitor and assist distracted drivers is often a critical advancement [1,2]. While completely autonomous driving will not be probably to be realized inside the near future, partial automation is becoming much more readily out there inside the form of steering help systems and driver focus monitoring [3]. Shared steering control systems assist drivers with curve negotiation and lane alterations by making a suitable haptic guidance torque around the steering wheel [4,5], particularly when a lack of interest to visual data results from driver distraction or fatigue [6,7]. Decreased overall performance due to the lack of visual data is usually compensated for by haptic guidance [8,9]. Some attempts to design an adaptive shared steering handle technique have already been conducted to improve driver utomation cooperation. 1 way to adjust the driver utomation manage authority is always to address car nvironment variables, like automobile position, steering wheel angle, and yaw rate [103]. A haptic shared steering manage has been created wi.