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And visual evoked prospective: follow-up of 70 individuals. Arch Neurol 2009;66:84146. Siva A, Saip S, Altintas A, Jacob A, Keegan BM, Kantarci OH. Multiple sclerosis threat in radiologically uncovered asymptomatic achievable inflammatory-demyelinating disease. Mult Scler 2009;15:91827. Okuda DT, Mowry EM, Beheshtian A, et al. Incidental MRI anomalies suggestive of numerous sclerosis: the radiologically isolated syndrome. Neurology 2009;72:80005. Okuda DT, Mowry EM, Cree BA, et al. Asymptomatic spinal cord lesions predict disease progression in radiologically isolated syndrome. Neurology 2011;76:68692. Giorgio A, Stromillo ML, Rossi F, et al. Cortical lesions in radiologically isolated syndrome. Neurology 2011;77: 1896899. Lassmann H, van Horssen J, Mahad D. Progressive a number of sclerosis: pathology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Neurol 2012; eight:64756. Lassmann H, Bruck W, Lucchinetti CF. The immunopathology of several sclerosis: an overview. Brain Pathol 2007;17:21018. Ebers GC. All-natural history of main progressive numerous sclerosis. Mult Scler 2004;ten(suppl 1):S8 13. Confavreux C, Vukusic S. All-natural history of numerous sclerosis: a unifying notion. Brain 2006;129:60616. Thorpe JW, Kidd D, Moseley IF, et al. Serial gadoliniumenhanced MRI of the brain and spinal cord in early relapsing-remitting many sclerosis. Neurology 1996; 46:37378. Bot JC, Barkhof F. Spinal-cord MRI in multiple sclerosis: conventional and nonconventional MR strategies. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2009;19:819. Wolinsky JS. The Promise trial: baseline information critique and progress report. Mult Scler 2004;10(suppl 1):S65 71. Hauser SL, Waubant E, Arnold DL, et al. B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting several sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2008;358:67688. Rudick RA, Kappos L. Measuring disability in relapsingremitting MS. Neurology 2010;75:29697. Bielekova B, Kadom N, Fisher E, et al. MRI as a marker for illness heterogeneity in numerous sclerosis. Neurology 2005;65:1071076. van den Elskamp IJ, Boden B, Dattola V, et al. Cerebral atrophy as outcome measure in short-term phase 2 clinical trials in a number of sclerosis.Birtamimab Neuroradiology 2010;52:87581. Galetta KM, Calabresi PA, Frohman EM, Balcer LJ.Asiatic acid Optical coherence tomography (OCT): imaging the visual pathway as a model for neurodegeneration. Neurotherapeutics 2011; 8:11732. Thompson AJ, Kermode AG, Wicks D, et al. Main variations in the dynamics of principal and secondary progressive numerous sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1991;29:532. Ingle GT, Sastre-Garriga J, Miller DH, Thompson AJ.PMID:26780211 Is inflammation vital in early PPMS A longitudinal MRI study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;76:1255258.NeurologyJuly 15,
Acute hyponatremia can cause death if cerebral edema and seizures usually are not treated promptly[1]. Conversely, osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) will happen with fast correction of extreme chronic hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration 120 mmol/L or much less) that has been present for much more than 2 or three d, the time necessary for the cerebral adaptation to occur[2]. Excessive correction of chronic hyponatremia triggers a cascade of injury in the brain beginning with breakdown from the blood-brain barrier and culminating within the programmed death of oligodendrocytes, the cells that type myelin sheaths in the central nervous system[3]. Recognized danger aspects for ODS are hyponatremia (each in duration and severity), speedy correction of hyponatremia with additional than 12 mmol/L in less than 24 h, hypokalemia on presentation[4-6], low BUN with malnou.

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