T of the situation HIV/STI infection Pregnancy Exclusion from school

T of the situation HIV/STI infection Pregnancy Exclusion from school Exclusion from peers: (a) Reputation damage (b) Not possessing nice goodsNegotiating power: older/rich partners versus girls working for goods Power imbalance: teachers/ soldiers/merchants as partner Gender: girls as seducers and boys as not having control over their behaviour Leaving HIV infected/pregnant partner Trying to infect partnerPovertyLegal age of consent Taboo on youth sexuality and emphasis on abstinence Population growth PovertyNote: Based on the vulnerability framework of Delor and Hubert (2000).Furthermore, peer pressure is common in this life phase, and learners report pressure to have sex and to have the right possessions. Furthermore, this turbulent period seems to generate some seemingly contradictory opinions on sex, relationships and preferred prevention methods: experimental, irrational and ad hoc sex coexists with planned, rational and negotiated transactional sex; the physical desire to have sex for pleasure is at odds with the description of `sexual delinquency’; the emphasis on abstinence seems to contradict the requests for free condom distribution in the schools. Young people’s limited knowledge and experience makes them vulnerable to peer pressure and unhealthy decisions. However, as we only know the exact position on the social trajectory for some of the respondents, we cannot draw general conclusions on this item. This particular vulnerability is enhanced by the proximate and distal context in which this maturation process takes place. The situation in which the study participants live ?boarding schools with relatively limited supervision ?allows for much more contact between boys and girls, but few opportunities for planned sexual intercourse. The letters also identified several other contextual factors that influence sexual decision-making: social norms, gender imbalance and economic factors. First, sex between young people is taboo and considered morally and legally (under 18 years) wrong. Virginity at marriage is still considered the norm for girls (Musabyimana 2006). This makes itdifficult for young people to understand and express the positive aspects of sex. Second, girls are seen as the provokers of sexual desire in boys both for experimental and for transactional sex, while boys seemingly only act upon their physical needs. This corresponds with a study on sexual relationships among young people in developing countries by Brown, Jejeebhoy, Shah Yount (2001) in which it RRx-001 biological activity appears that young people encourage premarital sexual relationships for males, but not for females. Subsequently, it appears respondents are able to justify the fact that girls carry the largest consequences for inappropriate sexual behaviour, e.g. being punished for becoming pregnant. Third, economic reasons may influence sexual decisions. Young people have sex in exchange for money and goods. Survival sex is rare among Y-27632 site responses, but relative disadvantage does influence sexual decisions, in the sense that young people need money to buy less essential goods, such as telephones and body lotion that others may have. Remes, Renju, Nyalali, Medard, Kimaryo, Changalucha, et al. (2010) call this `the desire to lead a modern life’, indicating that girls are `active agents’ and not merely `vulnerable victims’ (Hunter 2002; Silberschmidt Rasch 2001; Wamoyi, Fenwick, Urassa, Zaba Stones 2010; Wamoyi, Wight, Plummer, Mshana Ross 2010). The less urgent need.T of the situation HIV/STI infection Pregnancy Exclusion from school Exclusion from peers: (a) Reputation damage (b) Not possessing nice goodsNegotiating power: older/rich partners versus girls working for goods Power imbalance: teachers/ soldiers/merchants as partner Gender: girls as seducers and boys as not having control over their behaviour Leaving HIV infected/pregnant partner Trying to infect partnerPovertyLegal age of consent Taboo on youth sexuality and emphasis on abstinence Population growth PovertyNote: Based on the vulnerability framework of Delor and Hubert (2000).Furthermore, peer pressure is common in this life phase, and learners report pressure to have sex and to have the right possessions. Furthermore, this turbulent period seems to generate some seemingly contradictory opinions on sex, relationships and preferred prevention methods: experimental, irrational and ad hoc sex coexists with planned, rational and negotiated transactional sex; the physical desire to have sex for pleasure is at odds with the description of `sexual delinquency’; the emphasis on abstinence seems to contradict the requests for free condom distribution in the schools. Young people’s limited knowledge and experience makes them vulnerable to peer pressure and unhealthy decisions. However, as we only know the exact position on the social trajectory for some of the respondents, we cannot draw general conclusions on this item. This particular vulnerability is enhanced by the proximate and distal context in which this maturation process takes place. The situation in which the study participants live ?boarding schools with relatively limited supervision ?allows for much more contact between boys and girls, but few opportunities for planned sexual intercourse. The letters also identified several other contextual factors that influence sexual decision-making: social norms, gender imbalance and economic factors. First, sex between young people is taboo and considered morally and legally (under 18 years) wrong. Virginity at marriage is still considered the norm for girls (Musabyimana 2006). This makes itdifficult for young people to understand and express the positive aspects of sex. Second, girls are seen as the provokers of sexual desire in boys both for experimental and for transactional sex, while boys seemingly only act upon their physical needs. This corresponds with a study on sexual relationships among young people in developing countries by Brown, Jejeebhoy, Shah Yount (2001) in which it appears that young people encourage premarital sexual relationships for males, but not for females. Subsequently, it appears respondents are able to justify the fact that girls carry the largest consequences for inappropriate sexual behaviour, e.g. being punished for becoming pregnant. Third, economic reasons may influence sexual decisions. Young people have sex in exchange for money and goods. Survival sex is rare among responses, but relative disadvantage does influence sexual decisions, in the sense that young people need money to buy less essential goods, such as telephones and body lotion that others may have. Remes, Renju, Nyalali, Medard, Kimaryo, Changalucha, et al. (2010) call this `the desire to lead a modern life’, indicating that girls are `active agents’ and not merely `vulnerable victims’ (Hunter 2002; Silberschmidt Rasch 2001; Wamoyi, Fenwick, Urassa, Zaba Stones 2010; Wamoyi, Wight, Plummer, Mshana Ross 2010). The less urgent need.