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Shows the causes for Non disclosure and ratings for knowledge and attitudes References . The Voluntary HIV counseling and testing efficacy group. The model, which was based largely brief supplynitrogen to get a plant on poor soil, for example, or on empirical information, is reasonably unperturbed by alterations in iron for phytoplankton inside the open ocean. For the longlived hydrocarbon seep rate, or within the growth and recruitment rates for tubeworm Lamellibrachia luymesi, what it demands most and has the colony. The authors note that least is sulfide. L. CL29926 site luymesi lives the proposed return of sulfate into clustered around hydrocarbondeep sediments would, in theory, releasing ocean floor seeps in the improve the regional rate of carbonate Gulf of Mexico, and itor rather, rock formation, creating a barrier its menagerie of internal bacterial to fluid circulation into the symbiontsuses the highenergy sediments. Their model predicts sulfide the way plants use sunlight, this to happen soon after about 50 years, extracting energy and releasing in line with observed reductions inside the waste products, within this case tubeworm recruitment in colonies sulfate. of this age. They propose that Using a lifespan of up to 250 carbonate precipitation could be years, L. luymesi is amongst the inhibited if roots may also release longestlived of all animals, but hydrogen ions, a possibility open how it obtains adequate sulfide to to additional testing. Their model also hold going for this long has been explains many biogeochemical a mystery. In this issue, Erik Cordes anomalies observed close to and colleagues propose a model tubeworm colonies, which includes in which, by releasing its waste elevated levels of hugely degraded sulfate not up in to the ocean hydrocarbons and larger than but down into the sediments, L. predicted prices of sulfur cycling. luymesi stimulates the growth of To date, the proposed return sulfideproducing microbes, and of sulfate for the sediments ensures its personal longterm survival. DOI: 0.37journal.pbio.003008.g00 via the roots is only a The sulfide L. luymesi desires An aggregation of Lamellibrachia luymesi within the Gulf hypothesisalbeit one particular with is developed by a consortium of of Mexico (Photo: Ian MacDonald) substantially to help itthat nevertheless bacteria and archaea that live in awaits direct confirmation. By supplying a model in which this the sediments surrounding the vent. These chemoautotrophs hypothetical interaction supplies true added benefits and explains true use energy from hydrocarbons to minimize sulfate to sulfide, which observations, the authors hope to stimulate additional investigation L. luymesi absorbs by means of its exceptional “roots,” extensions of its into the biology of L. luymesi. For much more on tubeworms, see body that it tunnels in to the sediments. Measurements of sulfide “Microfauna acrofauna Interaction within the Seafloor: Lessons and sulfate fluxes within the water close to the vents are inconsistent in the Tubeworm” (DOI: 0.37journal.pbio.003002), also in using the observed tubeworm colony size and individual this concern. longevity, major Cordes et al. to propose that L. luymesi also utilizes its roots to release sulfate back towards the microbial consortia Cordes EE, Arthur MA, Shea K, Arvidson RS, Fisher CR (2005) from which it draws PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23373027 its sulfide. Modeling the mutualistic interactions amongst tubeworms and With no this return of sulfate, the model predicts an typical microbial consortia. DOI: 0.37journal.pbio.0030077 lifespan of only 39 years inside a colony of ,000 men and women; with it,Fish Want You.