Ly in locations neighboring the equa in SESA [1,9]. torial Atlantic. Hence, the TCC map

Ly in locations neighboring the equa in SESA [1,9]. torial Atlantic. Hence, the TCC map on the TPO and rainfall (Figure 6a) describes the combined IOBW and ENSO effects on the South coefficients (TCC) map in between the TPO Figure 6a discloses the total correlation American rainfall, which happen to be pointed out as closely linked towards the ENSO in earlier studies. Nonetheless, the IOBW and ENSO index along with the precipitation. It really is worth recalling that the IOBW influence on the precipi modes, both in warm or cold phases, acting independently, have 1-Dodecanol-d25 Epigenetic Reader Domain distinct effects around the South tation was not removed. The corresponding map of the TCC among the IOBW index American rainfall (Figure 6b,c). plus the precipitation (Figure not shown) shows very comparable patterns as those presented in Figure 6a. For good TPO, Figure 6a indicates rainfall deficits in most areas in northwestern and northern SA north of 5and west of 50W and in a meridionally ex tended region from centraleastern Peru to southwestern Bolivia, and excessive rainfall in SESA. This pattern closely resembles the ENTC LPA5 4 Epigenetic Reader Domain related rainfall anomaly pattern over SA in January shown in Grimm [9] (their Figure 6). The rainfall anomaly pattern inferred from Figure 6a was previously attributed to the ENinduced atmospheric circulation anoma lies with all the anomalous sinking motions connected with an eastwarddisplaced Walker cell justifying the rainfall deficits in equatorial SA [5], and an intensified SALLJ, through the related regional moisture transport, the excessive rainfall in SESA [1,9]. Hence, the TCC map of the TPO and rainfall (Figure 6a) describes the combined IOBW and ENSO effects on the South American rainfall, which have already been pointed out asAtmosphere 2021, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW9 ofAtmosphere 2021, 12,closely linked to the ENSO in earlier studies. Nonetheless, the IOBW and ENSO modes, 9 of 18 each in warm or cold phases, acting independently, have distinct effects on the South American rainfall (Figure 6b,c).Figure five. Latitude vertical crosssections of the partial correlations for the vertical velocity in pressure coordinate aver Figure 5. Latitude vertical crosssections with the partial correlations for the vertical velocity in pressure coordinate averaged aged within the 60W35W band (VVEL) through southern summer: (a) TPO and VVEL; (b) IOBW and VVEL. Graphical in the 60 W35 W band (VVEL) through southern summer time: (a) TPO and VVEL; (b) IOBW and VVEL. Graphical show is show would be the very same as that in Figure 4. exactly the same as that in Figure 4.For the positive TPO, the map from the PCC from the TPO and rainfall discloses deficits inside a massive location extending in the eastern Amazon into most of NEB, excessive rainfall in part of SESA (Uruguay, southern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina), in addition to compact places with alternating anomalously dry and wet circumstances in Colombia (Figure 6b). The rainfall deficits inside the eastern Amazon and the majority of NEB are constant together with the anomalous sinking motions associated using the anomalous Walker and Hadley cells (Figures 4a and 5a). Constant with this anomalous rainfall pattern and for good TPO, the map from the PCC with the TPO and VIMF attributes strong moisture divergence more than northern SA and also the adjacent tropical North Atlantic (TNA), in places from Colombia to northern Bolivia, in equatorial Atlantic and along eastern SA from the equator to roughly 20 S, and moisture conve.