Forms of carbon materials were observed: (1) (2)Catalysts 2021, 11, x FOR PEER Overview(3) (4)

Forms of carbon materials were observed: (1) (2)Catalysts 2021, 11, x FOR PEER Overview(3) (4) (five)Some CNTs had Ni NPs on their tip as shown in Figure 9B,C; and they grew following a tip-growth mode; Some CNTs had been formed via a base-growth mode where Ni particles anchored ten of 17 into the catalyst help and CNTs grew determined by the VU0152099 Technical Information surface of Ni NPs, Figure 9D; C, as shown in Some bamboo-like CNTs had been formed at higher temperature, i.e., 800 Figure 10A,B; Some metal-encapsulated carbon composites had been 9-PAHSA-d4 site observed at greater tempera4) Some metal-encapsulated carbon composites were observedat greater temperature, forming forming onion-like carbon nanomaterials as shown in Figure 10C,D; ture, onion-like carbon nanomaterials as shown in Figure 10C,D; It was observed some substantial size Ni Ni NPs have numerous crystal faces where CNTs 5) It was observed some big size NPs have various crystal faces exactly where CNTs grew towards towards different orientations (Figure 10D). grew diverse orientations (Figure 10D).Figure 9. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. 15wt Ni/SBA-15 after soon after 10 min of reaction Figure 9. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. (A)(A) 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 10 min of reaction at 600 ; (B) 15wt Ni/SBA-15 soon after 120 min of reaction at 600 ; (C) 15wt Ni/SBA-15 right after 440 min at 600 C; (B) 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 right after 120 min of reaction at 600 C; (C) 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 following of reaction at 600 . A lot of CNTs having a base-growth mode have been formed: (D) CNTs using a base 440 min mode on 15wt Ni/SBA-15 just after 440with ofbase-growth mode were formed: (D) CNTs using a growth of reaction at 600 C. Several CNTs min a reaction at 600 . base-growth mode on 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 soon after 440 min of reaction at 600 C.The CNTs formation and development modes may very well be correlated with the interaction strength among the Ni NPs and also the SBA-15 help. The H2-TPR profiles of Ni/SBA-15 shown in Figure 4 confirmed that there have been two sorts of Ni particles on the SBA-15 assistance: one weakly interacting with SBA-15, as evidenced by the low reduction temperature peak at 20080 ; and a different robust interacting with SBA-15, indicated by the TPR peak at higher temperature area amongst 400 and 700 . When carbon atoms had been released from the CH4 decomposition on the surface of the Ni NPs strongly anchored in to the SBA-15, carbon nanotubes were constructed around the Ni surface through the base-growthCatalysts 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW11 ofCatalysts 2021, 11,stick to the tip-growth mode. These final results are similar to these observed for Ni/Ce-MCM10 41 catalysts reported by Guevara et al. [21] and the coprecipitated Ni l and Ni u lof 15 catalysts reported by Shaikhutdinov et al. [34], exactly where each, the tip-growth as well as the basegrowth modes of CNTs are proposed.Figure ten. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. (A,B) CNTs with bamboo-like shape Figure ten. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. (A) and (B) CNTs with bamboo-like shape on on 15wt Ni/SBA-15 soon after 120 min of reaction at 800 . (C) Onion-like carbons formation on 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 just after 120 min of reaction at 800 C. (C) Onion-like carbons formation on 10wt Ni/SBA-15 after 120 min of reaction at 800 . (D) CNTs grew toward unique orientations ten wt Ni/SBA-15 right after 120 min of reaction atat 800 C. (D) CNTs grew toward various orientaon 25wt Ni/SBA-15 immediately after 120 min of reaction 600 . tions on 25 wt Ni/SBA-15 following 120 min of reaction at 600 C.As a result, it can be achievable to handle the CNTs growth modes by modifying the interacThe CNTs formation SB.