Forms of carbon materials have been observed: (1) (two)Catalysts 2021, 11, x FOR PEER Review(three)

Forms of carbon materials have been observed: (1) (two)Catalysts 2021, 11, x FOR PEER Review(three) (four) (5)Some CNTs had Ni NPs on their tip as shown in Figure 9B,C; and they grew following a tip-growth mode; Some CNTs were formed by means of a base-growth mode exactly where Ni particles anchored ten of 17 into the catalyst help and CNTs grew according to the surface of Ni NPs, Figure 9D; C, as shown in Some bamboo-like CNTs had been formed at larger temperature, i.e., 800 Figure 10A,B; Some metal-encapsulated carbon composites had been observed at larger tempera4) Some metal-encapsulated carbon composites had been observedat greater temperature, forming forming onion-like carbon nanomaterials as shown in Figure 10C,D; ture, onion-like carbon nanomaterials as shown in Figure 10C,D; It was observed some large size Ni Ni NPs have various crystal faces exactly where CNTs five) It was observed some large size NPs have several crystal faces where CNTs grew towards towards distinctive orientations (Figure 10D). grew distinct orientations (Figure 10D).Figure 9. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. 15wt Ni/SBA-15 following after 10 min of Resazurin Protocol reaction Figure 9. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. (A)(A) 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 ten min of reaction at 600 ; (B) 15wt Ni/SBA-15 after 120 min of reaction at 600 ; (C) 15wt Ni/SBA-15 right after 440 min at 600 C; (B) 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 following 120 min of reaction at 600 C; (C) 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 right after of reaction at 600 . Quite a few CNTs using a base-growth mode were formed: (D) CNTs with a base 440 min mode on 15wt Ni/SBA-15 just after 440with ofbase-growth mode were formed: (D) CNTs having a development of reaction at 600 C. Several CNTs min a reaction at 600 . base-growth mode on 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 just after 440 min of reaction at 600 C.The CNTs formation and growth modes could be correlated with the interaction strength in between the Ni NPs along with the SBA-15 help. The H2-TPR profiles of Ni/SBA-15 shown in Figure four confirmed that there had been two sorts of Ni particles around the SBA-15 support: one weakly interacting with SBA-15, as evidenced by the low reduction Namodenoson GPCR/G Protein temperature peak at 20080 ; and an additional strong interacting with SBA-15, indicated by the TPR peak at higher temperature area amongst 400 and 700 . When carbon atoms had been released from the CH4 decomposition on the surface in the Ni NPs strongly anchored into the SBA-15, carbon nanotubes were constructed on the Ni surface by way of the base-growthCatalysts 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW11 ofCatalysts 2021, 11,comply with the tip-growth mode. These results are equivalent to these observed for Ni/Ce-MCM10 41 catalysts reported by Guevara et al. [21] and also the coprecipitated Ni l and Ni u lof 15 catalysts reported by Shaikhutdinov et al. [34], where each, the tip-growth and the basegrowth modes of CNTs are proposed.Figure ten. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. (A,B) CNTs with bamboo-like shape Figure 10. TEM micrographs of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts. (A) and (B) CNTs with bamboo-like shape on on 15wt Ni/SBA-15 soon after 120 min of reaction at 800 . (C) Onion-like carbons formation on 15 wt Ni/SBA-15 just after 120 min of reaction at 800 C. (C) Onion-like carbons formation on 10wt Ni/SBA-15 right after 120 min of reaction at 800 . (D) CNTs grew toward distinctive orientations 10 wt Ni/SBA-15 after 120 min of reaction atat 800 C. (D) CNTs grew toward distinct orientaon 25wt Ni/SBA-15 after 120 min of reaction 600 . tions on 25 wt Ni/SBA-15 soon after 120 min of reaction at 600 C.Consequently, it really is attainable to manage the CNTs development modes by modifying the interacThe CNTs formation SB.