N periods for extreme drought across the basin.2. Study Region and Data 2.1. Study Area

N periods for extreme drought across the basin.2. Study Region and Data 2.1. Study Area 2.1. Study Area2. Study Region and DataThe Wadi Mina basin, with an location of 4900 km2 , is is located thethe northwest of AlgeThe Wadi Mina basin, with an area of 4900 km situated in in northwest of Algeria ria (Figure 1). The Wadi Mina requires four major tributaries: Wadi Mina, Wadi Haddad, (Figure 1). The Wadi Mina entails 4 major tributaries: Wadi Mina, Wadi Haddad, Wadi Abd and Wadi Taht. The climate is continental, withwith cold winters and hot sumWadi Abd and Wadi Taht. The climate is continental, cold winters and hot summers. mers. Mean annual precipitation from about 220 to 400220 toand most precipitationprecipitaMean annual precipitation ranges ranges from about mm, 400 mm, and most occurs between amongst and March. Imply annual temperatures are about are about 16 C. tion occursNovemberNovember and March. Imply annual temperatures16 C to 19.five to AlmostAlmost half the covered by a varying a varying vegetation, vegetation, with in par19.five . half the basin is basin is covered by density of density of with in particular 32 of scrub, 35.eight of forests and forests and 20 cereal ticular 32 of scrub, 35.8 of 20 cereal crops [53]. crops [53].Figure 1. 1. Topography and stationdistribution for the Wadi Mina basin in northern Algeria. Figure Topography and C6 Ceramide Autophagy BI-0115 MedChemExpress Station distribution for the Wadi Mina basin in northern Algeria.Water 2021, 13,four of2.two. Information Utilized Monthly precipitation records for a 40-year observation period (September 1970 to August 2010, utilizing water years that go from September to August) are compiled for 16 stations in the Algeria National Agency of Water Sources (Figure 1 and Table 1). These stations constitute a reasonably well-distributed network with acceptable spatial density over the basin. To assure quality, data was checked for inhomogeneities employing the double mass curve, linear regression and Mann-Whitney test methods. The procedure detected several inhomogeneities, for which the irregular information were adjusted making use of data of nearby trusted stations. Rainfall data of those 16 stations have been analyzed statistically to evaluate rainfall variability in the study location (Table 2). These preliminary statistical analyses included measure of central tendency (mean, and median), dispersion (normal deviation SD, coefficient of variation CV) and distribution (skewness Cs and kurtosis Ck) (Table 3).Table 1. Characteristics of rain gauge stations utilized within the analysis. Geographical Coordinates Rain Station ID Name Longitude (E) S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16 12702 13001 13002 13004 13101 13102 13201 13202 13203 13204 13302 13304 13306 13401 13407 13410 Rahuia Kef Mahboula Frenda Ain El Haddid Mechra Safa Djilali Benamar Ain Kermes Rosfa Tiricine Sidi Youcef Ain Hamara Takmaret Oues El-Abtal Sidi A.E.K Djilali El Hachem SMBA 0 49 1 01 0 51 1 02 0 49 1 05 0 49 0 32 0 33 0 39 0 37 0 40 0 34 0 28 0 35 1 00 Latitude (N) 35 18 35 04 35 04 35 23 35 27 34 55 34 54 34 54 34 48 35 23 35 06 35 28 35 29 35 23 35 34 35 31 (m) 650 475 990 829 655 300 1162 960 1070 1100 288 655 354 225 417 145 Elevation Period of ObservationSeptmber 1970 ugustTable two. Descriptive statistics of annual rainfall series within the Wadi Mina basin (1970/71009/10 water years). N S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16 Min (mm) 210.00 143.00 221.00 194.80 197.70 158.60 155.70 77.70 115.20 159.20 164.80 120.50 129.60 135.60 152.60 141.00 Max (mm) five.